Numerous members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) are currently engaged in the active modernization of their armed forces. These initiatives stem not only from the need to replace obsolete weapon systems, but are also driven by the escalating uncertainty in global and regional geopolitics, notably the intense competition between the United States and China. Given the evolving geopolitical dynamics, there is increasing awareness among countries in the region about the importance of having a robust and technologically advanced military. This ongoing trend presents a…
