Conceptual framework
Prior literature has predominantly focused on the health production function (HPF), establishing a conceptual framework that emphasizes endogenous factors such as health expenditures, per capita income, employment, environmental quality, lifestyle, education, and genetics [10, 20,21,]– [22]. This approach traces back to the seminal work of Auster et al. [23], who explored the impact of environmental and healthcare indicators on mortality rates. However, despite the subsequent adoption of a similar pattern by substantial body of literature, most studies have overlooked…
